Obstetric And Gynaecological Ultrasound Made Easy Pdf
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Obstetric and Gynaecological Ultrasound Made EasyBOOK DETAILSeries: Made Easy Paperback: 288 pages Publisher: Churchill Livingstone; 2 edition (January 4, 2006) Language: English ISBN-10:0443100551 ISBN-13: 978-0443100550 Product Dimensions: 4.8 x 0.6 x 7.3 inches Shipping Weight: 12.2 ouncesBook DescriptionThis title is directed primarily towards health care professionals outside of the United States. A succinct, well illustrated handbook fortrainees covering the essentials of obstetric and gynaecological ultrasound. It guides the reader through the techniques of scanning in alogical and progressive way.Covers the essentials of obstetric and gynae scanningStep-by-step approachOver 150 scans and 50drawingsSensibly priced Small size - easy to carry aroundobstetric section updated with section on soft markers, more on cardiac scanning,twins and Doppler,New section on gynae ultrasound50 new scanscolour Doppler now covered
The value of routine screening of the obstetric population for accurate dating, early detection of twin gestations and placental location was first demonstrated by Lars Grennert and Per Persson from Malmo (Grennert et al., 1978) who described the evolution of a routine screening programme over a 5 year period; 24% of women had an uncertain EDD and 95% of women were delivered within 12 days of the ultrasound prediction. Also 95% of twins were detected in the second trimester as opposed to 70% before the programme was started.
This immediate diagnosis is particularly relevant in obstetrics and gynecology (OBGYN), when delayed diagnosis of obstetrical or gynecological complications lead to critical outcomes for the mother and the fetus [9]. POCUS is, however, not a substitute for an in-depth prenatal or diagnostic ultrasound scan.
Currently one of the limitations of POCUS is the lack of ultrasound equipment that is easy to move around and allows clinicians to truly bring ultrasound to the patient, instead of bringing the patient to the ultrasound machine. The introduction of portable (and more affordable) ultrasound machines (PUMs) allows for access of this imaging modality to more obstetric departments and potentially even in remote and rural regions of the world.
In obstetrics, ultrasound is used to monitor the course of any pregnancy from 5 weeks of gestation to term. Midwives and obstetricians may use POCUS to confirm an intrauterine pregnancy, fetal viability, number of fetuses (twins/triplets) and gestational age. Furthermore, they can monitor the pregnancy in the second and third trimesters to assess fetal lie, fetal growth and fetal well-being as well as the placental position, measure the cervical length (Fig. 1) and determine the level of amniotic fluid that can indicate various pathological circumstances of the fetus.
The current literature reveals a lack of knowledge regarding the application and methods of POCUS in OBGYN, although ultrasound is already widely used in the management of obstetric and gynecological emergencies. In countries where ultrasound is performed by radiologists or emergency physicians there is also a perceived lack of confidence by obstetric specialists in POCUS studies performed by emergency clinicians [33]. A survey investigated the confidence in scans done by internal medicine specialists and concludes that there is a paucity of highly qualified POCUS training in the field of emergency medicine [27].
For the implementation of ultrasound training for OBGYN residents, a core curriculum is needed. This must contain clear learning objectives and well-defined outcome measures [31]. Such a curriculum was introduced by the European Board and College of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (EBCOG) within the last years [31]. Nevertheless, appropriate ultrasound and interpretation skills are needed by the examiner and, thus, carefully selected evaluation and teaching tools have to be assessed for these trainings [32]. A curriculum also has to be developed with local needs in mind, e.g., there are data suggesting that only one fifth of OBGYN residents are actually planning to perform or interpret obstetric ultrasound studies in their postgraduate training in the USA [29]. 153554b96e
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