The effectiveness and attractiveness of such energy is certainly very high: a clean, free and inexhaustible source of heat sounds like a fantastic forecast of the most daring futurologists. Geothermal power plants use the direct method of extracting heat from groundwater. It is quite simple: water is pumped through pipes laid in wells. heats up and turns into steam under pressure, which, at the exit from the ground, falls on the blades of steam turbine plants (STU) and rotates them. At the same time, STUs generate electrical energy, and the steam again turns into water, which goes underground for heating, and the cycle repeats. Geothermal power plants are built in Kamchatka, Iceland, Kenya, New Zealand.
Wherever there is a relatively accessible source of high temperature (> 100 ºC - since water must be turned into steam). And at the same time, steam is easily accessible - extremely expensive drilling of wells for whatsapp mobile number list many kilometers deep into the earth's crust is not required. For example, at the Pauzhetskaya GeoTPP (Kamchatsky Krai), wells with a depth of 366 m to 1205 m are used. Of course, hot steam at GeoTPP can serve as a source of heat for boiler houses, and be used for heating nearby towns and cities from GeoTPP, which makes heat supply very affordable and environmentally friendly.
The warmth of the earth But not everywhere in Russia there are volcanoes and geysers. Therefore, the second type of geothermal installations with low-potential heat of the earth is also used. Indeed, at a depth of 8–10 m, the temperature never drops below +4–10 ºC (depending on the region). Accordingly, in winter it is -20 ºC outside, and +5 ºC underground. The heat pump extracts this heat from underground, concentrates it and transfers it to the building heating system as heat at a temperature of 45-75 ºC. Geothermal installations with heat pumps are usually not used to generate electrical energy, more often they are used directly for heating buildings.